英语中有趣的外来语

Hi.

嗨。

Welcome back to www. engvid. com. I’m Adam.

欢迎回到www.engvid.com.。我是Adam。

In today’s video we’re going to learn non-English words.

在今天的视频中，我们将学习非英语单词。

You’re thinking surprised because this is an English video lesson, it’s supposed to be about English, but in English we tend to borrow a lot of words from other languages.

你会感到很诧异，因为这本来是一堂英语视频课，本来课堂内容应该全部关于英语，但在英语中有很多单词是从其它语言中借用过来的。

We keep them as they are, we even keep their meanings more or less, but we like to apply them to many areas.

我们保持了单词的拼写，甚至或多或少保持了单词的原意，但我们很喜欢将它们用在很多不同的场景中。

So there’s a lot of words.

有很多很多这样的单词。

These are just a. . .

它们就像是……

This is just a sample of the foreign words that we use regularly in English.

这只是我们在英语日常使用中用到外语单词的例子。

Some of them have been changed to apply to other things besides the original meaning of the word.

其中一些单词除了本身的意思外，还被运用到了别的事物上。

So. . .

因此……

Excuse me.

言归正传。

First, let’s start with the actual words: ” tsunami” , this is Japanese.

首先，先举几个具体的例子：”tsunami”是日语单词。

” Gung ho” is Chinese.

“Gung ho”是汉语。

” Pro bono” , Latin.

“Pro bono”是拉丁语。

” Quid pro quo” , also Latin.

“Quid pro quo”也是拉丁语。

” Prima donna” , Italian.

“Prima donna”是意大利语。

” Je ne sais qua” , French.

“Je ne sais qua”是法语。

” Déjà vu” , French.

“Déjà vu”是法语。

” Faux pas” , French.

“Faux pas”是法语。

” Du jour” , French.

“Du jour”是法语。

” Kaput” , German.

“Kaput”是德语。

And ” guru” is actually Sanskrit.

“guru”实际上是梵文。

Okay.

好吧。

So, first I’m going to explain to you what the words mean, where they came from, and what they mean originally, and then how we use them in English.

我先跟大家解释一下单词的意思，起源于哪，本意是啥，以及我们如何在英语中使用它们。

So we’ll start with ” tsunami” .

我们先来说说”海啸”。

” Tsunami” basically means harbour wave.

“海啸”的基本含义是港口风浪。

So, in Japan after an earthquake, sometimes. . .

在震后的日本，有时……

They have a lot of earthquakes, but sometimes they get a tsunami.

日本经常会发生地震，但有时日本会遭受海啸。

It’s basically a big wave.

这基本上就是表示海啸的含义。

So the ocean after the earthquake sends a big wave and it covers the land.

地震后的海洋会兴起一次海啸，并波及到大陆。

There was a big one a few years ago, a lot of damage.

几年前有过一次海啸，造成了很大的损失。

But we use this, again, to mean the same thing.

我们用这个单词来表达相同的含义。

Whenever there’s a tsunami, whenever there’s a big wave after an earthquake, but we also use it to talk about anything that’s large and sudden.

每当震后发生了海啸，都可以这样表达，还可以用这个单词来表示巨大的、突如其来的事情。

So, for example, the whole world is facing a refuge situation now.

例如，全世界正面临着躲避灾难的境遇。

A lot of people from. . .

许多人……

Moving from all parts of the world to other parts of the world, and the countries that are receiving these refuges, they are facing a tsunami of refuges.

都在从世界各地向其它地区迁移，国家都在接收难民，各国都在面对大规模的难民。

So it’s like a big wave of people.

就像表达一大群人一样。

Okay?

明白了吗?

So whenever you have a big, sudden, wave or whatever, a big, sudden situation or a big, sudden change coming at you, you can call. . .

每当你遭遇大规模、突如其来的境遇或者，每当你面临巨大的变故时，你可以说……

You can refer to it like a tsunami.

你可以比喻成“海啸”。

Okay?

明白了吗?

” Gung ho” .

“有上进心的”。

So, ” gung ho” basically means very enthusiastic.

“有上进心的”原意为非常热情的。

In Chinese it means basically part of a team or teamwork, but in. . .

在中国，基本上表示为团队的一部分，但……

The way we use it in English, if we say: ” That person is really gung ho” , it means he’s really enthusiastic, really eager, really wants to work hard.

在英语中我们的用法是，如果我们说：“这个人真的很有上进心”，意思是他真的很热情，非常渴望，想要努力工作。

So, if I work at a company and a new employee comes in. . .

如果我在一个公司上班，同时来了一个新员工，

And I’ve been at this company a long time, you know, I’m settled, everything, I do my work, I go home.

而且我已经在这个公司工作很久了，清楚吧，我过的很安稳，每天下班回家。

But this guy comes in and he’s so gung ho that everybody’s a little bit worried because he’s making us look bad.

但是这个人来了，他非常的有激情，每个人都会感到些许顾虑，因为在他的对比下我们看起来没那么好。

He’s too gung ho.

他很有激情。

He’s too energetic, too enthusiastic.

他太有正能量了，太热情了。

It’s a. . .

这就是……

So it’s a very good word for that.

这是表达这个意思很好的单词。

Anytime you’re ready to do something, you can do it gung ho or you can do it casual.

每次你准备好做一件事的时候，你可以带着激情或者很随意地去做。

” Pro bono” , basically this means free.

“义务”，原意为免费的。

So I’m going to actually write this because these are a little bit long to write.

我来写下这个单词的意思，因为其它单词的意思有点长。

Free.

免费的。

If. . .

如果……

So, you see a lot of doctors.

你比如说许多医生。

A lot of doctors or lawyers when they start their business or when they’re very successful and they can afford it, they do a lot of pro bono work.

许多医生或律师在他们工作的时候或当他们有所成绩的时候，他们能负担得起去做许多义务工作。

Means they’ll go provide legal advice to somebody who can’t afford it, or they’ll do medical assistance to people who can’t afford it.

意思就是他们会为那些穷人提供法律咨询，或是医疗援助。

For example, they’ll go around the world to poor countries and they’ll help children especially with medical situations, etc. So anything. . .

例如，他们会走遍全世界的贫穷国家，向儿童提供特殊的医疗条件等。无论任何事情……

Anytime somebody does something for free, like but professional, like work and they do it for free, it’s pro bono work.

无论任何时候，当某人做了义务工作，十分专业的，就像免费打工一样的，这就是义务工作。

” Quid pro quo” , something for something.

“互相帮助”，意思是一 还一 。

We also have an idiom: ” If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours.” Okay?

我们还有一个谚语：“如果你帮我，我就会帮你。”明白了么？

It means: You do something for me, I’ll do something for you.

意思是：你为我做了什么，我就会为你做同样的事。

But when we exchange favours. . .

当我们互相帮助时……

For example, if I do something, some professional work for you because I’m a lawyer, I will give you some legal advice; you’re a designer, you will design my website.

例如，如果我做了某事，我作为律师为你做了一些专业的工作，给你提供法律建议；你作为设计师为我设计 站。

I don’t pay you money, I pay you with legal service; you pay me with your design work.

我不付你钱，我只为你提供法律建议；而你为我做设计工作。

Quid pro quo.

互相帮助。

I do something for you, you do something for me.

我为你付出了，你也为我付出了。

And this is also a very common expression.

这也是一种很普遍的表达方式。

Okay, so now we’re going to move to the Italian: ” prima donna” .

现在我们来说一个意大利语单词：”领衔女士”。

Now, ” prima” means first, ” donna” means lady, so it’s the first lady.

“领衔”表示第一，”女士”表示夫人，意思就是第一夫人。

So when we speak about the opera, the lead female singer is the prima donna, but we mean it as a woman or a person. . .

当我们谈论歌剧的时候，领衔女性歌手就是第一夫人，但它的用法不一定特指女性……

Doesn’t have to be a woman.

不用必须是女性。

It could be a man who’s a prima donna.

也可以表达领衔的男性。

But it’s somebody who’s very temperamental.

但得是一个喜怒无常的人。