喜迎二十大｜海水淡化 打造沙漠绿洲（中英文）

Creating a desert oasis through desalination

水是生命之源！地球表面约71%被水覆盖，其中，海水占97.5%，淡水仅有2.5%，且87%的淡水难以利用。

Water is the source of life! About 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, of which 97.5% is seawater and only 2.5% is freshwater, and 87% of freshwater is difficult to use.

1977年，在联合国的水资源会议上，有专家认为，水资源短缺可能会成为深刻的社会危机。为解决这一问题，人类将目光投向了浩瀚的海洋，并逐渐探索出海水淡化这条大有可为的路径。在这条路上，勤劳勇敢的中国人披荆斩棘，走过了一甲子时光，成为领路人。如今中国建设者走出国门，将先进的海水淡化技术和经验分享到“一带一路”沿线缺水的国家，帮助解决缺水问题，致力于打造沙漠绿洲，造福当地百姓。

In 1977, at the UN Water Conference, some experts believed that water shortages could become a profound social crisis. To solve this problem, mankind has turned its attention to the vastness of the ocean and has started to identify desalination as a promising path. On this journey, the hard-working and brave Chinese have pushed through six decades and become leaders in the field. Today, Chinese builders are going abroad to share their advanced desalination technology and experience with water-scarce countries along the Belt and Road to address water shortages and to create desert oases for the benefit of local people.

沙特：“向大海要水喝”

Saudi Arabia: Ask the sea for drinking water

2022年5月，在全球水务行业权威机构GWI（全球水务情 研究所）主办的“2022全球水峰会”上，沙特拉比格三期海水淡化工程斩获“2022全球水奖——年度最佳海水淡化项目”大奖。在前不久，该工程还收到吉尼斯世界纪录证书，成为世界最大单体反渗透海水淡化项目，这项工程的承建方是中国电建所属的山东电建三公司。

In May 2022, at the 2022 Global Water Summit hosted by GWI, the authoritative organization in the global water industry, the Saudi Rabigh III desalination project won the “2022 Global Water Award—Best Desalination Project of the Year” award, and just recently, the project also received the Guinness World Record certificate, becoming the world’s largest single reverse osmosis desalination project, and the contractor of this project is SEPCOIII, a subsidiary of Power Construction Corporation of China (PowerChina).

2021年11月，在业主的见证下，沙特拉比格三期海水淡化工程完成了为期30天的可靠性试验，所有试验指标、参数均超过合同标准，创造了沙特乃至中东市场海水反渗透淡化项目的新标杆。

In November 2021, under the witness of the owners, the Saudi Rabigh III seawater desalination project completed a 30-day reliability test, with all test indicators and parameters exceeding the standards of the contract, creating a new benchmark for seawater reverse osmosis desalination projects in Saudi Arabia and even in the Middle East market.

项目采用了世界先进的反渗透技术，通过反渗透膜将含盐海水和淡水进行有效分离，进而在膜的一侧得到卤水，另一侧得到淡化水。相比电渗析法和蒸馏法，反渗透法具有能耗低、效益高、出水质量好等优点，能极大地节约制水成本。该项目是沙特迄今运营中的海水淡化厂中供水价格最低的项目，仅为0.53美元/立方米。

如今，每天高达60万立方米的甘甜淡水汩汩流出，通过市政管 ，给吉达、麦加等沙特主要城市200多万户居民提供基本的生活用水，滋养了沙特大片土地，还促进了社会和旅游业发展。

Today, up to 600,000 cubic meters of sweet fresh water flows every day through the municipal network, providing basic domestic water to more than 2 million households in major Saudi cities such as Jeddah and Mecca, nourishing large areas of Saudi Arabia and promoting social and tourism development.

沙特是世界上最缺水的国家之一，全年高温，境内沙漠面积大且河流稀少，70%的饮用水由海水淡化而来，占世界海水淡化总量的22%，是世界最大海水淡化国。中国电建助力沙特“向大海要水喝”，在该领域承担了朱拜勒二期、3A海水淡化、3B海水淡化工程及拉比格三期海水淡化工程4个大型海水淡化工程，帮助沙特人民把咸涩浑浊的海水变成合格放心的饮用水，让当地民众不再“望洋兴叹”。

Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s most water-scarce countries, with high temperatures throughout the year. With a large desert area and few rivers, 70% of its drinking water comes from desalinated seawater, accounting for 22% of the world’s total desalination, making it the world’s largest country in terms of desalination. PowerChina helped Saudi Arabia ask for drinking water from the sea and undertook four large-scale desalination projects in this field, namely Jubail II, 3A desalination, 3B desalination project and Rabigh III desalination project, which helped the Saudi people turn the salty and turbid seawater into qualified and safe drinking water so that the local people are no longer troubled by drinking water shortage.

在海外海水淡化EPC领域拥有核心竞争优势的中国电建，已成为全球最大的海水淡化EPC总承包商，同时设有海水淡化研究中心，能为客户提供世界顶尖的海水淡化项目解决方案。

With core competitive advantages in the field of overseas desalination EPC, PowerChina has become the world’s largest desalination EPC general contractor and also has a desalination research center that can provide customers with the world’s top solutions for desalination projects.

在竞争激烈的中东非洲海水淡化领域，中国电建承建了全球目前最大的反渗透式海水淡化项目阿联酋塔维勒海水淡化，以及阿曼萨拉拉海水淡化、迪拜铝厂海水淡化等多个项目，在业界树立起中国企业的优质品牌形象。

In the highly competitive desalination field in the Middle East and Africa, PowerChina has constructed the world’s largest reverse osmosis desalination project Tawil desalination in UAE, Salalah desalination in Oman, and desalination in Dubai Aluminum Plant, establishing a high-quality brand image of Chinese enterprises in the industry.

阿联酋：“海水淡化技术比石油更重要”

United Arab Emirates: Seawater desalination technology is more important than oil

美丽的波斯湾畔，大海与沙漠相遇。被誉为中东地区“经济发动机”的阿联酋坐落于此。虽然毗邻大海，但阿联酋的淡水资源匮乏。

The sea meets the desert on the shores of the beautiful Persian Gulf. The UAE, known as the “economic engine” of the Middle East, is located here. Despite its proximity to the sea, the UAE has extremely scarce freshwater resources.

8月，在迪拜以北约60公里处，由中国能建葛洲坝集团与法国SIDEM公司联合承建的阿联酋乌姆盖万150MIGD海水淡化项目全部竣工移交，标志着全球第二大膜法淡化厂正式投入运行。投产后，每天68.2万立方米海水被转化成淡水，惠及阿联酋220万居民。

In August, about 60 kilometer north of Dubai, the 150MIGD desalination project in UAE, jointly constructed by CEEC Gezhouba Group and SIDEM in France, was completed and delivered, marking the official operation of the second largest membrane desalination plant in the world. When it is put into operation, 682,000 cubic meters of seawater will be converted into fresh water every day, benefiting 2.2 million residents of the UAE.

运行中的海水淡化装置

阿联酋是仅次于沙特的世界第二大淡化海水生产国，根据其2030海水淡化规划，到2030年阿联酋的海水淡化日产水量将超过340万立方米。“这里99%的饮用水都来自海水淡化。我觉得海水淡化技术对这片土地来说比石油更重要。”乌姆盖万海水淡化项目执行总监大卫·宾利说。

The UAE is the second largest producer of desalinated seawater in the world after Saudi Arabia, and according to its 2030 desalination plan, the UAE will produce more than 3.4 million cubic meters of desalinated water per day by 2030. “Ninety-nine percent of the drinking water here comes from desalinated seawater. I think desalination technology is more important to this land than oil,” said David Bentley, executive director of the Umm Al Qaiwain desalination project.

在阿联酋全国700多公里的海岸线上，分布着众多使用不同工艺的海水淡化厂。乌姆盖万海水淡化项目采用先进的反渗透膜技术，相比普通海水淡化方式，“膜法”工艺具有工作效率高、运营能耗低和后期维护方便等特点，是世界领先的绿色节能环保工程。只需10分钟，经过海水淡化厂的五道工序——除杂、过滤、渗透、矿化、消毒，海水就可以变成符合当地饮用标准的淡水。

Numerous desalination plants using different processes are located along more than 700 kilometer of coastline throughout the UAE. The Umm al Qaiwain desalination project adopts advanced reverse osmosis membrane technology. Compared with ordinary desalination methods, the membrane process features high efficiency, low operational energy consumption and convenient follow-up maintenance, making it a world-leading green energy-saving and environmental protection project. In just 10 minutes, seawater can be turned into water that meets local drinking standards after five processes in a desalination plant—decontamination, filtration, osmosis, mineralization and disinfection.

海水淡化过程中产生的废水，其盐分浓度大大高于普通海水浓度，蕴藏大量能量。项目采用特殊能量回收装置将这部分能量回收再利用。“简单来说就是利用高浓度盐水和海水之间的浓度差，收集这部分能量，然后进入收集系统。这样一套系统相较于传统的海水淡化技术在电力方面大约节省了20%的能耗。”中国能建迪拜分公司总经理李科说。

得益于这一系统，目前，乌姆盖万海水淡化厂已投运的第一条生产线上，标准工况下每立方米海水淡化耗能已经控制在3千瓦时以内。

中巴经济走廊上的“绿色明珠”——瓜达尔港

巴基斯坦：“绿色明珠”瓜达尔

Pakistan: “Green Pearl” Gwadar

3年前初到瓜达尔港，映入眼帘的是连片沙地，路边零星的绿植“萎靡不振”。3年后，这里已经大变样：一批又一批货物抵港、一方又一方菜田增绿、东湾快速路通车……快溢出屏幕的“郁郁葱葱”，让人眼前一亮。

Three years ago, Gwadar Port was full of sandy patches, and the scattered greenery along the roadside was sluggish. Over the course of three years, the place has changed dramatically: batches of goods arrived at the port, vegetable fields grew green, and the Eastbay Expressway was opened to traffic. The lushness that almost spills out of the screen is a sight to behold.

巴基斯坦瓜达尔港地处热带气候区，常年高温，降水稀少，淡水极度匮乏，加之大片盐碱地，普通植物很难成活。第一批参与援建的中国建设者至今仍记得，“水少得可怜，要节省着用，吃的东西很单一，见不到任何绿色蔬菜”。

Gwadar Port has a tropical climate with high temperatures all year round. Precipitation is scarce here, and there is an extreme lack of fresh water, coupled with large areas of saline land, making it difficult for ordinary plants to survive. The first group of Chinese builders who participated in the construction still remember that “water was pitifully scarce and had to be used sparingly, and the food was so homogeneous that no green vegetables could be seen”.

瓜达尔港日产22万加仑淡水的海水淡化厂

为解决当地居民生活所需淡水，中国自接手瓜达尔港的建设运营以来，一直竭力建设海水淡化工程，解决淡水匮乏问题。2018年元旦，在当地官员、百姓的欢声中，日产22万加仑的海水淡化厂顺利投产。

To provide fresh water for local residents, China has been doing its best to help build desalination projects to solve the problem of freshwater scarcity since it took over the construction and operation of Gwadar Port. On New Year’s Day 2018, the desalination plant with a daily capacity of 220,000 gallons was successfully put into operation amidst the rejoicing of local officials and residents.

“真甜！”兴奋的民众迫不及待地用双手接起清水，直接喝了起来，干得有些皲裂的嘴角露出了满足的笑容。

“It’s so sweet!” The excited people couldn’t wait to get their hands on the clear water and drink it straight away, with a satisfied smile on their dry and somewhat chapped mouths.

随着瓜达尔港建设不断推进，已有的海水淡化厂产水能力远无法满足当地的用水需求。在中国政府的推动下，多家中国企业积极参与到瓜达尔港的海水淡化项目中来。

With the continuous construction of Gwadar Port, the existing desalination plant’s water production capacity is unable to meet the demand for water in the region. In response to the Chinese government’s efforts, several Chinese companies are actively involved in the desalination project in Gwadar Port.

上海骄英能源科技有限公司（简称“骄英能源”）就是其中一家，公司研制出由太阳能驱动的新型装置，利用太阳能把集热带里的淡水变成蒸汽，再将蒸汽的热量传递给装置里的海水，使海水在负压条件下蒸发后冷却凝结，形成蒸馏水。“太阳能光热海水淡化项目95%左右的能耗来自太阳能，只需少量电 能源维持抽水泵及电脑、电机运行。”骄英能源创始人彭志刚解释道，这种装置的产水成本约为传统海水淡化装置的45%，给当地居民带来实惠。

骄英能源在伊朗、肯尼亚、东帝汶等国家的项目合作也在推进中。“我们希望在‘一带一路’倡议指引下，为海上丝绸之路的岛屿和沿海地区提供饮用水和工业用水，也为丝绸之路经济带的中亚地区提供苦咸水淡化的创新方案。”彭志刚的话里，透着自信和憧憬。

瓜达尔港在建海水淡化厂效果图

6月1日，中国援建巴基斯坦瓜达尔的又一海水淡化厂项目举行开工仪式。项目由中国港湾承建，主要工程内容为海水淡化厂房建设及海水淡化设备采购与安装，合同工期12个月。该海水淡化厂厂房建成运营后，每天可生产5000吨淡水，供给瓜达尔自由区企业及瓜达尔民众使用，可极大缓解当地淡水缺乏的情况。

On June 1, a groundbreaking ceremony was held for another desalination plant project in Gwadar, Pakistan, built with Chinese assistance. The project is constructed by China Harbour. The main works are the construction of the desalination plant and the procurement and installation of desalination equipment. The contract period is 12 months. Once the desalination plant is up and running, it will be able to produce 5,000 tons of fresh water per day for the enterprises in the Gwadar Free Zone and the people of Gwadar, thus greatly providing relief from the lack of freshwater in the region.

盛夏时节，种在瓜达尔港的茄子、西红柿等蔬菜纷纷迎来了采摘季，放眼望去，一派绿意葱茏。

At the peak of summer, vegetables such as bok choy, eggplant and tomatoes planted in Gwadar port are ready for picking. There is a lot of greenery as far as the eye can see.

“我从未想过在瓜达尔能见到这样一片绿色。”吃上亲手种植的蔬菜，当地居民阿拉·布克什非常开心。

“I never thought I would see such a patch of green in Gwadar.” The local resident Alla Bukesh couldn’t be happier to eat vegetables grown with his own hands.

瓜达尔港这个濒临阿拉伯海的小码头，在中国建设者的努力下，正逐渐蜕变为中巴经济走廊上一颗璀璨夺目的“绿色明珠”。

Gwadar Port, a small and inconspicuous pier on the Arabian Sea, is gradually transforming into a dazzling “green pearl” in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor with the help of Chinese builders.

主编：邓灼

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