离线环境下如何删除某个Anaconda包

在离线环境下使用Python编程时，我喜欢使用Anaconda，节省了安装各种包的时间。不过也有Anaconda内置包的版本太低不能满足要求的时候，此时需要安装更高版本的包，可是在离线环境下直接使用源代码安装时，虽然可以成功安装，但是输入命令

conda list

查看安装包的版本时，这个包仍然显示是之前的版本。

此时可以将conda内置的包（例如xlrd）删除，如果直接使用

conda remove xlrd

提示：

(base) C:Usersjupiter>conda remove xlrd
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): failed
CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64/repodata.json>
Elapsed: -
An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.
If your current network has https://www.anaconda.com blocked, please file
a support request with your network engineering team.
'https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64'

如果加上–offline，提示要么取消，要么删除一些依赖它的包，这是我们不想要的。

(base) C:Usersjupiter>conda remove xlrd --offline
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: 
The environment is inconsistent, please check the package plan carefully
The following packages are causing the inconsistency:  - defaults/win-64::python==3.7.6=h60c2a47_2
  - defaults/win-64::pywin32==227=py37he774522_1
  - defaults/win-64::menuinst==1.4.16=py37he774522_0
  - defaults/win-64::alabaster==0.7.12=py37_0
  - 此处省略100行
  - defaults/noarch::seaborn==0.10.0=py_0
  - defaults/win-64::statsmodels==0.11.0=py37he774522_0
done

## Package Plan ##  environment location: C:Usersjupiteranaconda3  removed specs:
    - xlrd
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:  importlib_metadata pkgs/main/win-64::importlib_metadata-1.5.0-py37_0
  setuptools         pkgs/main/win-64::setuptools-45.2.0-py37_0The following packages will be REMOVED:  anaconda-2020.02-py37_0
  xlrd-1.2.0-py37_0
Proceed ([y]/n)?

终极方法是需要添加conda命令的两个参数force 和 offline

这里以urllib3为例：

conda remove urllib3 --force --offline

其含义可以参考官 的解释（
https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/commands/remove.html）

–force-remove, –force

Forces removal of a package without removing packages that depend on it. Using this option will usually leave your environment in a broken and inconsistent state.

–offline

Offline mode. Don’t connect to the Internet.