PRL导读-2019年122卷09期

序

言

普通物理：统计与量子物理

导读：王子；责编：任捷

作为素数筛的简单波动光学叠加

Simple Wave-Optical Superpositions as Prime Number Sieves

T. C. Petersen, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090201 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090201

自粘合量子液滴的碰撞

Collisions of Self-Bound Quantum Droplets

Giovanni Ferioli, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090401 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090401

贝尔态测量中稳健自测试的实验实现

Experimental Realization of Robust Self-Testing of Bell State Measurements

Wen-Hao Zhang, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090402 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090402

相位无约束的玻色凝聚体

长链中的干涉序

Order in the Interference of a Long Chain of Bose Condensates with Unrestricted Phases

Vasiliy Makhalov and A. Turlapov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090403 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090403

时序量子测量中的误差–扰动权衡

Error-Disturbance Trade-off in Sequential Quantum Measurements

Ya-Li Mao, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090404 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090404

量子物质计算上的普适相

Computationally Universal Phase of Quantum Matter

Robert Raussendorf, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090501 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090501

通过绝热性捷径的单自旋缀饰态的初始化

Initialization of Single Spin Dressed States using Shortcuts to Adiabaticity

J. K?lbl, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090502 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090502

计量学非线性压缩参数

The well-known metrological linear squeezing parameters (such as quadrature or spin squeezing) efficiently quantify the sensitivity of Gaussian states. Yet, these parameters are insufficient to characterize the much wider class of highly sensitive non-Gaussian states. Here, we introduce a class of metrological nonlinear squeezing parameters obtained by analytical optimization of measurement observables among a given set of accessible (possibly nonlinear) operators. This allows for the metrological characterization of non-Gaussian quantum states of discrete and continuous variables. Our results lead to optimized and experimentally feasible recipes for a high-precision moment-based estimation of a phase parameter and can be used to systematically construct multipartite entanglement and nonclassicality witnesses for complex quantum states.

Metrological Nonlinear Squeezing Parameter

Manuel Gessner, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090503 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090503

以共振跃迁量子模拟求解水的

等效哈密顿量的本征问题

Quantum Simulation of Resonant Transitions for Solving the Eigenproblem of an Effective Water Hamiltonian

Zhao kai Li, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090504 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090504

原子芯片上广义的流体力学

Generalized Hydrodynamics on an Atom Chip

M. Schemmer, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 090601 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.090601

引力与天体物理

导读：郭敏勇；责编：高思杰

超新星中微子快速味转换的碰撞触发

Collisional Triggering of Fast Flavor Conversions of Supernova Neutrinos

Francesco Capozzi, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091101 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091101

在实验室实验中探测耦合畴壁

Detecting Coupled Domain Walls in Laboratory Experiments

Claudio Llinares and Philippe Brax

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091102 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091102

使用Ia型超新星对各向同性膨胀

的百分比测试

We propose and implement a novel, robust, and nonparametric test of statistical isotropy of the expansion of the Universe and apply it to around 1000 type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon sample. We calculate the angular clustering of supernova magnitude residuals and compare it to the noise expected under the isotropic assumption. We also test for systematic effects and demonstrate that their effects are negligible or are already accounted for in our procedure. We express our constraints as an upper limit on the rms spatial variation in the Hubble parameter at late times. For the sky smoothed with a Gaussian with FWHM=60°, less than 1% rms spatial variation in the Hubble parameter is allowed at 99.7% confidence.

Percent-Level Test of Isotropic Expansion Using Type Ia Supernovae

John Soltis, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091301 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091301

基本粒子与场论

责编：晁伟、刘晓辉

扩散涨落理论

Theory of Diffusive Fluctuations

Xinyi Chen-Lin, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091602 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091602

三希格斯自相互作用的强子对撞机探测

Probingthe Triple Higgs Self-Interaction at the Large Hadron Collider

Jeong Han Kim, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091801 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091801

暴涨子可以是弱作用大质量粒子吗？

Canthe Inflaton Also Be a Weakly Interacting Massive Particle?

Dan Hooper, et al

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091802 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091802

在MINOS和MINOS+中

利用双探测器的模拟搜索惰性中微子

MINOS合作组综合利用MINOS和MINOS+的16.36×10²⁰个靶质子的数据，通过在基线1.04km和735km处的探测器中观察μ中微子的消失来测量中微子和惰性中微子的混合。对两个探测器中的带电流μ中微子和中性流中微子能谱的同时拟合的结果没有发现3+1模型的惰性中微子的存在证据。对于惰性中微子质量的质量劈裂Δm²₄₁>10^?4eV²的大多数参数空间，本研究为混合参数sin²θ₂₄设定了最严格的限制。

Search for Sterile Neutrinos in MINOS and MINOS+ Using a Two-Detector Fit

P. Adamson et al.

(MINOS+ Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091803 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091803

10维超引力的经典德西特解

We find four-dimensional de Sitter compactifications of type IIA supergravity bydirectly solving the 10-dimensional equations of motion. In the simplest examples, the internal space has the topology of a circle times an Einstein manifold of negative curvature. An orientifold acts on the circle with two fixed loci, at which an O8? and an O8+ plane sit. These orientifold planes are fully backreacted and localized. While the solutions are numerical, the charge and tension of the orientifold planes can be verified analytically. Our solutions have moduli at tree level and can be made parametrically weakly coupled and weakly curved. Their fate in string theory depends on quantum corrections.

Classical de Sitter Solutions of 10-Dimensional Supergravity

Clay Córdova, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 091601 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.091601

原子核物理

责编：耿立升

用储存的离子逼近伽莫窗：

ESR 储存环里¹²⁴Xe(p,γ)反应的直接测量

Glorius等人在一个重离子储存环（ESR）里实现了对¹²⁴Xe 的低能光子俘获反应截面的首次测量。五种束流能量在5.5至8 AMeV的¹²⁴Xe⁵⁴⁺离子被储存在储存环内，与无窗的氢靶碰撞的反应产物¹²⁵Cs被直接探测到。反应能量被设置在如超新星爆发以及X射线双星等物理过程的热、爆炸性场景的伽莫窗的高能量尾部。实验结果可以用来检验该质量区域（A>70）理论预言的天体物理反应速率。在低能区，实验结果与理论预言的天体物理学上很重要的质子宽度符合的很好，偏差仅为30%。在中子发射阈值（S_n=6.71MeV）以上，测量结果与理论预言的偏差较大，在该能量区域，中子和γ射线的宽度也显著影响着反应截面。该工作中新建立的环内实验方法是研究低质心系能量稀有离子束核反应的强有力的工具。（肖杨）

Approaching the Gamow Window with Stored Ions: Direct Measurement of ¹²⁴Xe(p,γ) in the ESR Storage Ring

J. Glorius et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 092701 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.092701

原子、分子与光学

导读：宋新秀；责编：严运安

沸腾幺正费米液体

Boiling a Unitary Fermi Liquid

Zhenjie Yan, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 093401 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.093401

H⁺+H^?碰撞中的双电子捕获

Double Electron Capture in H⁺+H^?Collisions

J. W. Gao, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 093402 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.093402

BCS超导体和超流体费米气体中的

配对断裂集体分支

Pair-Breaking Collective Branch in BCS Superconductors and Superfluid Fermi Gases

H. Kurkjian, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 093403 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.093403

远距离原子阵列中的亚辐射Bell态

Subradiant Bell States in Distant Atomic Arrays

P.-O. Guimond, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 093601 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.093601

非线性动力学与流体力学

责编：兰岳恒

声学系统中的局域单向绝热通过

One-Way Localized Adiabatic Passage in an Acoustic System

Ya-Xi Shen, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 094501 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.094501

完美吸收奇异点和手性吸收剂

We identify a new kind of physically realizable exceptional point (EP) corresponding to degenerate coherent perfect absorption, in which two purely incoming solutions of the wave operator for electrom agnetic or acoustic waves coalesce to a single state. Suchnon-Hermitian degeneracies can occur at a real-valued frequency without any associated noise or nonlinearity, in contrast to EPs in lasers. The absorption line shape for the eigenchannel near the EP is quartic in frequency around its maximum in any dimension. In general, for the parameters at which an operator EP occurs, the associated scattering matrix does not have an EP. However, in one dimension, when the S matrix does have a perfectly absorbing EP, it takes on a universal one-parameter form with degenerate values for all scattering coefficients. For absorbing disk resonators, these EPs give rise to chiral absorption: perfect absorption for only one sense of rotation of the input wave.

Perfectly Absorbing Exceptional Points and Chiral Absorbers

William R. Sweeney, et al.

Phys. Rev.Lett. 122, 093901 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.093901

等离子体与束物理

责编：陈少永

利用斯塔克效应测定高能量密度

等离子体中的离子温度

Determination of the Ion Temperature in a High-Energy-Density Plasma Usingthe Stark Effect

D. Alumot, et al

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 095001 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.095001

凝聚态物理：结构

责编：殷志平

自旋玻色–爱因斯坦凝聚中

壁涡复合缺陷的观察

Observation of Wall-Vortex Composite Defects in a Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate

Seji Kang, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 095301 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.095301

准周期声波导中拓扑边缘模的观测

通过墙壁中简单的准周期图案化可以在声波导中产生拓扑边界和界面模式。该程序在共振光谱中打开了许多拓扑能隙，并提供了其拓扑特征的定性和定量的评估。此外，其对连续波方程的体积不变量也进行了计算。实验测量也以高保真度再现了理论的预测结果。特别地，具有位于透气波导中间的高Q因子的声学模式也通过墙壁的简单图案化进行了设计。（毛慧灿）

Observation of Topological Edge Modes in a Quasiperiodic Acoustic Waveguide

David J. Apigo, et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 095501 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.095501

简化的CeO₂(111)表面的氧空位动力学

以及与极化子跃迁的纠缠

铈基系统中氧空位(V_O)的迁移对它们在应用中的功能起着至关重要的作用。然而，即使CeO₂的111表面中的氧空位结构和Ce³⁺极化子分布受到了广泛关注，但是氧空位和极化子的动力学行为并没有被人们完全了解。Zhang等人通过结合密度泛函理论与从头算分子动力学模拟发现了在300K到900K的温度范围内，氧空位与极化子的运动表现出明显的纠缠特性，而且Ce³⁺极化子的位置对氧空位的迁移起着至关重要的作用。合适的Ce³⁺分布维持足够长时间时会促进氧的迁移，这时在中等温度下会发生长距离的空位迁移。此研究为铈中电子和离子之间电荷输运的相互作用提供了微观视角，有助于导电铈基材料的合理设计。（刘瑞）

Oxygen-Vacancy Dynamics and Entanglement with Polaron Hopping at the Reduced CeO₂ (111) Surface

D. Zhang, Z. K. Han et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 096101 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.096101

凝聚态物理：电子性质

责编：袁喆，马锋杰，沈卡

时域太赫兹光谱探测的重费米子化合物中

费米体积演化和晶体场激发

Pal等人通过时间分辨太赫兹谱仪在温度范围为2到300K 间测量了重费米子化合物CeCu_6-xAu_x（x = 0,0.1）中的准粒子权重。该方法通过不同的太赫兹响应延迟时间来区分来自重近藤带和来自晶体-电场卫星带的贡献。他们发现，一旦晶体-电场态变为热占据，重带的形成就由指数增强的高能近藤标度控制。他们通过多轨道Anderson晶格模型的温度依赖动力学平均场计算证实了这些观察结果，并讨论了对量子临界图象的推论。（方子明）

Fermi Volume Evolution and Crystal-Field Excitations in Heavy-Fermion Compounds Probed by Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy

S. Pal et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 096401 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.096401

直接测量单个CdTe / ZnTe量子点中

核自旋的超精细位移和射频操纵

Ragunathan等人实现了单个CdTe / ZnTe量子点中电子超精细位移的直接检测。对于先前难以达到的强磁场B_z?0.1T，他们展示了数百粒子核自旋库的稳定极化，其光初始化时间为~1 ms，极化寿命超过~1s。各个点的核磁共振谱揭示出强的电子-核相互作用，具有比III-V半导体量子点强一个数量级的奈特场| B_e|?50mT 特征。他们的研究证实II-VI半导体量子点是混合电子-核自旋量子位寄存器的一个有前途的平台，结合了与III-V点相当的优秀光学性质和类似于IV族半导体的稀核自旋环境。（方子明）

Direct Measurement of Hyperfine Shifts and Radio Frequency Manipulation of Nuclear Spins in Individual CdTe/ZnTe Quantum Dots

G. Ragunathan et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 096801 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.096801

超导–手性铁磁体异质结构中的

斯格明子与Pearl涡旋的相互作用

Interaction of Skyrmions and Pearl Vortices in Superconductor-Chiral Ferromagnet Heterostructures

Samme M. Dahir et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097001 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097001

压力诱导Li₆P电子晶体超导转变的预言

Predicted Pressure-Induced Superconducting Transition in Electride Li₆P

Ziyuan Zhao et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097002 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097002

压力诱导Li₆P电子晶体超导转变的预言

Predicted Pressure-Induced Superconducting Transition in Electride Li₆P

Ziyuan Zhao et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097002 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097002

拓扑三重结中

Majorana零模式的巨散粒噪声

对Majorana束缚态的明确输运实验探测仍然存在挑战。这里, Jonckheere等人表明，在三条拓扑超导体导线结处形成的零能Majorana态直接导致巨大的散粒噪声幅度，特别是在低电压和小接触透射率时。唯一的固有噪声限制来自于多重Andreev反射过程引起的电流诱导的失相速率。（方子明）

Giant Shot Noise from Majorana Zero Modes in Topological Trijunctions

T. Jonckheere et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097003 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097003

经典自旋液体MgCr₂O₄的磁激发

Magnetic Excitations of the Classical Spin Liquid MgCr₂O₄

X. Bai et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097201 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097201

磁涡旋中Whispering Gallery磁振子激发

Excitation of Whispering Gallery Magnons in a Magnetic Vortex

K. Schultheiss et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097202 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097202

近藤纳米系统中出现相干晶格行为

Emergent Coherent Lattice Behavior in Kondo Nanosystems

Marcin Raczkowski and F. Assaad

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097203 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097203

量子自旋螺旋绕组：

能级回避交叉如何排除经典拓扑保护

A magnetic helix can be wound into a classical Heisenberg chain by fixing one end while rotating the other one. We show that in quantum Heisenberg chains of finite length, the magnetization slips back tothe trivial state beyond a finite turning angle. Avoided level crossings thus undermine classical topological protection. Yet, for special values of the axial Heisenberg anisotropy, stable spin helices form again, which arenonlocally entangled. Away from these sweet spots, spin helices can best abilized dynamically or by dissipation. For half-integer spin chains of odd length, a spin slippage state and its Kramers partner define a qubit with an ontrivial Berry connection.

Winding Up Quantum Spin Helices: How Avoided Level Crossings Exile Classical Topological Protection

Thore Posske and M. Thorwart

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097204 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097204

拓扑晶体绝缘体Pb_0.5Sn_0.5Te中

源于大量狄拉克费米子的

磁太赫兹响应和法拉第旋转

Pb1?xSnxTe has been shown to be an interesting tunable topological crystalline insulator system. We present a magnetoterahertz spectroscopic study of thin films of Pb0.5Sn0.5Te. The complex Faraday rotation angle and optical conductivity in the circular basis are extracted without any additional assumptions. Our quantitative measures of the THz response allow us to show that the sample studied contains two types of bulk carriers. One is ptype and originates in 3D Dirac bands. The other is n type and appears to be from more conventional 3D bands. These two types of carriers display different cyclotron resonance dispersions. Through simulating the cyclotron resonance of hole carriers, we can determine the Fermi energy and Fermi velocity. Furthermore, the scattering rates of p-type and n-type carriers were found to show opposite field dependences, which can be attributed to their different Landau level broadening behaviors under magnetic field. Our work provides a new way to isolate real topological signatures of bulk states in Dirac and Weyl semimetals.

Magnetoterahertz Response and Faraday Rotation from Massive Dirac Fermions in the Topological Crystalline Insulator Pb_0.5Sn_0.5Te

B. Cheng et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 097401 (2019)

https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.097401

多铁BiFeO₃中的新型动力学磁电效应

An atomistic effective Hamiltonian scheme is employed within molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how the electrical polarization and magnetization of the multiferroic BiFeO₃respond to time-dependent ac magnetic fields of various frequencies, as well as to reveal the frequency dependency of the dynamical (quadratic) magnetoelectric coefficient. We found the occurrence of vibrations having phonon frequencies in both the time dependency of the electrical polarization and magnetization (forany applied ac frequency), therefore making such vibrations