1. 污染和环境

Pollution and the environment

【场景词汇篇】1. 污染和环境

A. Important definitions 下定义

People are more worried about the environment as a result of the harmful effects of human activity. Some of these activities cause pollution and some are destroying the environment.

人们更担心人类活动对环境造成的有害影响。有些人类活动会造成污染，有些正在破坏现有环境，使其不复存在。

1）the environment = the air, water, and land around us

环境 = 围绕在我们周围的空气、水、土地

2）harmful = dangerous/damaging 有害的 = 危险的／具有破坏性的

3）pollution = dirty air, land and water 污染 = 脏了的空气、土地和水

4）destroying the environment = damaging it so badly that soon parts will not exist 破坏环境= 把环境破坏得太厉害以至于某些地方很快就不存在了

Here are some of the problems: 以下是其中一些问题

smoke: the grey, white or black gas that is produced by sth burning

烟; 燃烧某物产生的灰烟、白烟或黑烟

B. The ‘greens’ 绿色环保

Because of these problems, there are many groups of people whose aim is conservation. They are often referred to as greens, e.g. ‘Greenpeace’ and ‘Friends of the Earth’.

因为这些环境问题，现在有很多环境保护团体。他们通常被称之为greens（绿色环保主义）如：“绿色和平”和“地球的朋友”。

conservation= the protection of natural things, e.g. plants and animals 对自然界的事物的保护，如植物和动物

C. Common causes of damage 环境毁坏的常见原因

【1】smoke from factories 工厂排放的浓烟

【2】car exhaust fumes 汽车尾气

fume：[fju?m] Fumes are the unpleasant and often unhealthy smoke and gases that are produced by fires or by things such as chemicals, fuel, or cooking. （大火、化学品、燃料、做饭等产生的难闻且常为有害的)烟,气体

【3】dumping industrial waste in seas and rivers

向江海湖泊倾倒工业垃圾

dumping = throwing away 扔掉

waste = unwanted material 不想要的材料

【4】aerosol cans (usually called sprays). Some of these contain CFCs which can damage the ozone layer.

气雾剂（通常叫喷雾）: 有些含有氟氯烃，能破坏臭氧层。

CFCs = a chemical

【5】cutting down tropical rainforests (e.g. the Amazon).

This increases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

砍伐热带雨林（如亚马逊雨林）： 这会增加大气中的二氧化碳

D. How can we help? 我们能做什么？

【1】Don’t throw away bottles, newspapers, etc. Take them to a bottle bank or newspaper bank, and then they can be recycled.

不要扔掉瓶子、 纸等物。把他们带到瓶子或 纸回收处方便再利用

recycled = used again 回收再利用

【2】Plant more trees. 多种树

【3】Don’t waste resources, e.g. water, gas. Try to save them.

不要浪费水、气等资源，要节约使用。

waste = use badly 使用不当

Note: A resource is a valuable possession. There are natural resources, e.g. water or gold; and human resources, e.g. knowledge and skills. The word is usually plural.

注：resource是有价值的资源。水或金子等是自然资源（natural resources）； 知识和技能是人类资源（human resources）；该词通常以复数形式出现。

本材料源自外语教学与研究出版社和剑桥大学出版社联合出版的《英语在用：剑桥中级英语词汇》第174页，经过本人节选、后期翻译而成，若有翻译的不妥当的地方，欢迎指正