中国农村生物质资源分布、结构与应用潜力：以农作物秸秆为例

中国农村生物质资源分布、结构与应用潜力：以农作物秸秆为例

刘慧、蒋高明、庄会永、王空军

（中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室，北京100093）

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12: 1402-1408

(影响因子：11.239）

关键词：中国农村，生物质资源，农作物秸秆，生物质能源，综合利用

Distribution, utilization structure and potential of biomass resources in rural China: with special references of crop residues

H. Liu, G. M. Jiang, H.Y. Zhuang, K.J.Wang

(Institute of Botan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093)

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12: 1402-1408 (IF=11.239)

As the largest developing country in the world, China is urgently in short of energy and natural resources. However, biological resources such as crop residues are burnt in the field, which cause serious environmental pollution. Still it is not clear how much storage and potential of these huge crop residues are in China. This paper firstly reported the distribution, utilization structure and potential of crop biomass and provided the tangible information of crop residues in rural China through careful collecting and recalculating data. From 1995 to 2005, China produces some 630 million tons of crop residues per year, 50% of which comes from east and central south of China. The amount of crop residues is 1.3 times of the total yield of crops, 2 times of the total fodder of grassland, which covers 41% of China’s territory. Crop residues of corn, wheat and rice amounted to 239, 137 and 116 million tons, respectively, accounting for nearly 80% of the total crop residues. Unfortunately, the utilizing structure is seriously improper for such abundant biomass resources. Although 23% of the crop residues are used for forage, 4% for industry materials and 0.5% for biogas, the large parts are used with lower efficiency or wasted, with 37% being directly combusted by farmers, 15% lost during collection and the rest 20.5% discarded or directly burnt in the field. Reasonable adjustment of the utilizing pattern and popularization of the recycling agriculture are essential out-ways for residues, with the development of the forage industry being the breakthrough point. We suggested that utilizing the abandoned 20.5% of the total residues for forage and combining agriculture and stock raising can greatly improve the farm system and cut down fertilizer pollution. Through the development of forage industries, the use efficiency of crop residues could be largely enhanced. Commercializing and popularizing technologies of biomass gasification and liquefaction might be substitute solutions of China’s energy shortage.

Keywords: Rural China, Biomass resources, Crop residues, Biomass energy, Comprehensive utilization