Stocking up on chow for a potential emergency? Canned tuna and dried fruit will last for quite a while in your pantry, but if you really want foods that will last for the long haul, reach for one of these endurance champs.
想囤积一些食物以备不时之需？金枪鱼罐头和水果干能在你的食品储藏室待很长一段时间，不过如果你真的需要那种能储藏很久的食物，那么你应该考虑下述十种食物。
1. White Rice
Researchers have found that white (or polished) rice will maintain its nutrient content and flavor for 30 years when stored in oxygen-free containers in temperatures below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Brown rice, however, doesn’t last nearly as long (6 months) because of the natural oils found in its bran layer.
1、白米
研究人员发现如果将白米储存在4.4摄氏度以下的无氧容器中，那么它的营养成分和风味能保存三十年之久。然而糙米却由于米糠层中的天然油脂，其储存时间不超过六个月。
2. Honey
Honey has been called the only food that truly lasts forever, thanks to its magical chemistry and the handiwork of bees. The nectar from flowers mixes with enzymes inside the bees that extract it, which changes the nectar’s composition and breaks it down into simple sugars that are deposited into honeycombs. Fanning action from the bees’ wings and the enzymes from their stomachs create a liquid that is both highly acidic [PDF] and low in moisture—truly inhospitable digs for bacterial growth.
The processing and sealing of honey also adds to its indefinite shelf life. Despite being low in moisture, honey’s sugars are hygroscopic, which means that they take in moisture from the air. When the heated and strained honey is sealed properly, moisture cannot be absorbed, and the honey stays the same forever. The oldest jar of the sweet stuff ever found is believed to be 5500 years old.
2、蜂蜜
感谢神奇的化学物质和蜜蜂的勤劳工作，蜂蜜被称作唯一一种能永存的食物。花蜜与蜂蜜体内的酶混合，花蜜被分解成能被存入蜂窝的单糖。蜂蜜翅膀扇出来的风和它们胃中的酶制造出了一种酸性很强但含水量极低的液体，细菌在这里几乎寸草不生。
蜂蜜的处理和密封也为其接近无限的寿命做出了贡献。虽然蜂蜜含水量极低，但蜂蜜却很吸水，这意味着它们能吸收空气中的水分。高温条件下，密封得当的纯净蜂蜜无法吸收水分，蜂蜜就不会变质。人类能找到的最古老的蜂蜜来自5500年前。
3. Salt
Given that sodium chloride is a mineral that is taken from the Earth, its permanence should come as no surprise. It has also been used for centuries as a tool for preserving other foods (or bodies) because it removes moisture. The salt in your cupboard may not last forever, though. Morton Salt points out that adding iodine to table salt reduces the shelf life, so if your container says iodized salt, expect it to only last about 5 years.
3、盐
想到氯化钠是地球上的一种矿物质，那么它的保质期长似乎也不那么令人惊讶。几百年来，人们用它来保持其它食物或者尸体，因为它能去掉水分。不过，你橱柜里的盐也许并不会永远留下来。莫顿盐业指出在盐中加入碘会缩短它的保存时间，因此如果你使用的是碘盐，那么不要期望它的保质期能超过五年。
4. Soy Sauce
The consensus seems to be that it depends on the type and which additives a particular brand uses, but when left unopened, soy sauce will last a very long time. Even after it has been opened, the salty condiment can keep for years in your refrigerator.
4、酱油
人们认为酱油的保质期取决于酱油的类型和特定品牌使用的添加剂，但其实在密封条件下，酱油能保存很长时间。即便它被打开过，这种咸的调味品也能在你的冰箱里待很久。
5. Sugar
As with other items on this list, the storage method you use for your sugar determines whether or not you can keep it forever. Powdered and granulated sugar are best kept in airtight containers to keep the moisture at bay. Retailers are required to stamp bags with dates, but manufacturers say that even hardened brown sugar is still edible once it has been softened.
5、糖
你储存糖的方式决定了你的糖是否能永久保存。粉状和粒状的砂糖最好保存在密封的容器中，将空气隔绝在外。零售商们被要求在砂糖的袋子上标出生产日期，生产商们甚至表示就连变硬的红糖软化之后也是可以吃的。
6. Dried Beans
As with the rice studies, researchers at Brigham Young University found that after 30 years, the overall quality of pinto beans decreased, but “all samples were considered acceptable for use in an emergency situation by at least 80 percent of consumer panelists. Also, protein digestibility was found to remain stable over time.”
6、干豆子
杨百翰大学的研究人员们发现即便过了30年，花豆的总体质量下降了，但所有样本在紧急情况下均可食用，其蛋白质消化率能够随着时间的推移保持稳定。
7. Pure Maple Syrup
A Guide to Food Storage for Emergencies by Utah State University lists pure maple syrup along with other commercial sugars (like honey and granular sugars) as having an indefinite shelf life “due to their resistance to microbial growth, including molds.” The Massachusetts Maple Producers Association agrees that unopened maple syrup will last forever, but they also provide consumers with instructions should molding occur: “If any harmless mold should form on the surface, merely bring the syrup to a slight boil, skim the surface, and pour into a clean container and refrigerate.”
7、纯枫糖浆
8. Powdered Milk
The taste isn’t quite as good, but one of the main reasons that powdered milk exists is because it lasts longer. It is also easier to transport and store than fresh milk.
8、奶粉
奶粉的味道可能不是很好，但它存在的一个主要原因是它持续的时间更长。它也比新鲜的牛奶更容易运输和储藏。
9. Hard Liquor
Toss out the cream liqueurs, but you can always keep a stash of the hard stuff. While the flavors will almost certainly change because of oxidation, and an opened bottle may be short a few ounces because of evaporation, your spirits will be OK to drink as long as there is someone there to drink them.
9、烈酒
可以扔掉奶油利口酒，但烈酒保存的时间很长。由于氧化作用，它的味道会有所改变；而由于蒸发，它的重量也会减少，不过只要有人喝，它就是可以喝的。
10. Pemmican
Invented by Native American tribes, pemmican is still a favorite of survivalists looking for a long-lasting source of protein. Original recipesincluded dried meat from big game animals like elk or buffalo, which was ground into a powder and mixed with available berries and rendered fat. The finished pemmican could then be eaten raw, stewed, or fried. Today, recipes for pemmican are often slightly modified, given food safety and dietary concerns and available ingredients, but some still swear by the superfood’s staying power.
10、干肉饼
由美洲原住民部落发明的干肉饼受到了户外训练者的青睐。从大型哺乳动物比如麋鹿和水牛身上取下肉之后磨成粉，与可食用浆果和炼化的油脂混合即可。成品肉饼可生吃、炖着吃或者烤着吃。如今，由于食品安全和可用成分问题，肉饼的配方被人们进行了轻微改进，不过有些因其持久力被保留了下来。
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