happen指计划之外的“发生”，take place常表计划、安排之内的“发生、举行”，occur主要描述偶然发生的事情，也可指按计划安排所发生/举行的事情。
当然，“发生”的happen, occur, take place等是不可使用被动语态的，这是中考英语的常考点，也是人家的思维方式的文化映射之一。
高考常考句型是“某人突然意识到/想到/领悟到…”，对应的英文可以有：
it (suddenly) occurred to sb to do sth，或
it (suddenly) occurred to sb that +从句（相当于it (suddenly) struck/hit sb that+从句的结构）
常见的三个“发生”take place, happen, occur实例省略。
中学阶段常见同义于以上三个词语的词语有arise, chance, come about, come off, come to pass, come up, go ahead, go on, turn up等。
1.arise
《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第102页arise词条
arise: to arise发生；产生；出现（正式）
Should the opportunity arise, I’d love to go to China.
要是有机会的话，我很想去中国。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第86页arise词条1
arise发生；出现
A serious problem has arisen. 出现了一个严重的问题。
He promised to help Rufus if the occasion arose.
他答应在必要的时候帮助鲁弗斯。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第109页arise词条
arise（问题或困难）出现，发生
A crisis has arisen in the Foreign Office. 外交部出现了危机。
在日常英语中，人们一般说问题或困难come up，而不说raise:
The same problems came up every time. 每次都会出现同样的问题。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第92页arise词条
arise出现；呈现；产生；形成
arise from/out of由…形成/引起
Did anything interesting arise from the meeting? 会上发生了什么有趣的事吗？
【注】如同rise一样，arise也是不及物动词；arise的主语通常有difficulty, matter, question, problem, situation, issue, need, opportunity等。
2.chance
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第321页chance词条
chance偶然发生；碰巧
If I do chance to find out where she is, I’ll inform you immediately.
要是我真的碰巧发现她的行踪，会立即通知你的。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第380页chance词条
chance（文）偶然（碰巧）发生
chance to do sth
She chanced to be passing when I came out of the house. 我从屋里出来时她恰巧经过。
It chanced that we both went to Paris that year. 碰巧那一年我们俩都去了巴黎。
【注】chance doing sth冒险做某事
3.come about
【注】以下的例句表明
come about多用于解释、询问某件事情是如何发生的，发生的时间，或事情为什么会发生，经常与how, when, by (doing) sth, through sth连用，当然也可以使用it come about that+从句的结构，如
How did it come about that he was often so busy?
他经常匆匆忙忙的，怎么回事？
《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第413页come词条
come about发生；产生；出现
How did the problem come about in the first place?
当初这个问题是怎么产生的？
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第393页come词条
come about (that…)发生
Can you tell me how the accident came about?
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第463页come词条
come about（尤指未经计划的）发生，产生
The opportunity to get into computing came about quite by accident.
进入计算机行业是一个很偶然的机会。
How did this situation come about? 这种情况是怎么发生的？
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第358页come词条
come about发生；产生
The discovery of adrenalin came about through a mistake.
肾上腺素的发现乃是误打正着。
How did the invitation come about? 这次邀请是怎么回事？
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第491页come词条
come about产生；发生
Any possible solution to the Irish question can only come about through dialogue.
任何解决爱尔兰问题的可行方案只能通过对话产生。
That came about when we went to Glastonbury last year.
那是我们去年去格拉斯顿伯里的时候发生的事。
Thus it came about that, after many years as an interior designer and antiques dealer, he combined both businesses.
这样，在从事多年的室内设计和古董经营后，他把二者结合了起来。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第396页come词条
come about（尤指偶然）发生
The increase in production has come about through the use of technology.
由于技术的运用，产量出现了提高。
I don’t know how it came about thatwe stopped loving each other.
我不知道我们怎么就不相爱了。
4.come off
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第394页come词条
come off举行；发生
Did the trip to Rome ever come off? 去罗马的事最后成了吗？
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第466页come词条
come off（非正式）（计划中的事）发生
In the end the trip never came off. 结果那一次旅行一直没有成行。
《韦氏高阶英语词典》第317页come词条
come off: to happen
The meeting came off as scheduled.
(= the meeting happened when it was scheduled to happen)
5.come to pass
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第463页come词条25
come to pass（文）（一段时间以后）发生
It came to pass that they had a son. 后来，他们生了一个儿子。
《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第412页come词条
come to pass（旧）发生
It came to pass that their love for each other grew and grew.
他们对彼此的爱与日俱增。
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1407页pass词条
come to pass（旧或雅）发生；产生；实现
Yet this all came to pass with barely a demurring voice.
然而这一切发生时竟几乎没引起什么异议。
6.come up
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第395页come词条
come up发生
I’m afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕有紧急事情发生。
We’ll let you know any vacancies come up. 一有空缺，我们就会通知你。
《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第417页come词条
come up（通常指意外地）发生
I’ve got to go—something has just come up at home and I’m needed there.
我得走了——家里出了点事，需要我去。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第400页come词条
come up即将发生
We’ve got a busy period coming in a couple of weeks.
两三周以后我们将大忙一阵子。
7.go ahead
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第896页go ahead
go ahead: to happen; to be done发生；进行
The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned.
新桥的修建将按计划进行。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第1073页go ahead词条
go ahead（活动或过程）发生，进行
A judge has ruled that the music festival can go ahead.
法官作出裁决，音乐节可以举行。
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第52页ahead词条
go ahead: to take place发生
Tests of anti-cancer drugs are to go ahead this year.
抗癌药物的试验将在今年进行。
8.go on
《朗文当代高级英语辞典》第五版第1076页go词条
go on发生，进行
I don’t know what’s going on. 我不知道发生了什么事。
What were the children doing while all this was going on?
这一切发生时孩子们都在干什么？
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第829页go on词条8
go on发生；进行
There’s a big argument going on. 一场大的争论正在进行。
A lot of cheating goes on. 经常在发生许多欺骗行为。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第八版第897页go on词条
go on发生（通常用作be going on）
What’s going on here? 这儿出了什么事？
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第891页go词条
go on发生
I wonder what’s going on next door—they’re making a lot of noise.
我真纳闷隔壁在干什么，弄出这么大的噪声。
【注】go on常使用be going on的形式，也见有goes/went on的形式。
9.pass
《文馨当代英汉词典》第1339页pass词条8
pass（事情）发生
Nothing passed between Alice and Tom. 爱丽丝跟汤姆之间没发生什么事。
《韦氏高阶英语词典》第1181页pass词条
pass: to happen or take place
The meeting passed without incident.
He hoped that his mistake would pass unnoticed. (= not be noticed by anyone)
10.turn up
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第2264页turn词条
turn up（出乎意料或偶然地）发生
You’ll get another job, something is bound to turn up soon.
你会有新工作的，机会应该很快就会出现。
《韦氏高阶英语词典》第1772页turn词条
turn up: to happen unexpectedly
Something is always turning up to prevent us from getting together.
《文馨当代英汉词典》第1931页turn up词条
turn up出现；发生
He turned up at the last moment. 他在最后一刻才出现。
I fear something extraordinary might turn up. 我怕有不寻常的事发生。
2017年1月12日
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