可降解材料“火”了 限塑令倒逼塑料企业转型升级

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随着我国禁塑工作全面实施，每年国内生物降解聚酯 PBAT 需求量有望突破 1000万~1500 万吨。有关专家认为，循环经济是塑料行业未来的发展方向。

“‘限塑令’的实施为塑料用品生产企业带来了新的机遇！”重庆市晟世新材料有限公司法人刘星言表示。近日，该公司与重庆长寿经开区签约，投资化工新材料项目，达产后年销售收入超百亿元。该项目拥有产能为 24 万吨/年 PBAT 生产装置，不仅产量将成为全国乃至世界第一并拥有明显的规模优势，填补了生物降解材料在西南地区的空白。

数据显示，随着我国禁塑工作全面实施，每年国内生物降解聚酯 PBAT 需求量有望突破 1000万~1500 万吨。

近年来，随处可见的塑料产品令环境污染越来越严重，今年6月国家推出“限塑令”：年底将全面禁止生产、销售部分塑料制品，推广绿色塑料制品、探索新业态，并规范塑料废弃物回收、处置，专项处理塑料垃圾。

据了解，率先禁止使用的包括不可降解塑料袋、酒店内的一次性塑料用品、一次性塑料餐具、吸管和快递包装禁止使用不可降解的塑料制品等。这些渗透了大众生活方方面面的日用品一旦被禁，将如何影响我们的生活，塑料制品生产企业将面临怎样的挑战，令人关注。

With the comprehensive implementation of the ban on plastics in China, the domestic demand for biodegradable polyester PBAT is expected to exceed 10-15 million tons per year. Experts believe that circular economy is the future development direction of plastic industry.

“The implementation of the” plastic restriction order “has brought new opportunities for plastic products manufacturers Liu Xingyan, legal person of Chongqing Shengshi New Material Co., Ltd., said. Recently, the company signed a contract with Chongqing Changshou Economic Development Zone to invest in new chemical materials projects, with an annual sales revenue of more than 10 billion yuan. The project has a production capacity of 240000 T / a PBAT production plant, which will not only become the first in China and even in the world, but also has obvious scale advantages, filling the gap of biodegradable materials in Southwest China.

The data show that with the implementation of the ban on plastics in China, the domestic demand for biodegradable polyester PBAT is expected to exceed 10-15 million tons per year.

In recent years, the ubiquitous plastic products have made the environmental pollution more and more serious. In June this year, the state launched the “plastic restriction order”: by the end of this year, the production and sale of some plastic products will be completely banned, green plastic products will be promoted, new business forms will be explored, and plastic waste recycling and disposal will be standardized, and plastic waste will be specially treated.

It is understood that the first to ban the use of non degradable plastic bags, disposable plastic articles in hotels, disposable plastic tableware, straws and express packaging, etc. Once these daily necessities which permeate all aspects of people’s liFE;”>

可降解材料“火”了

来自《科学》的一项新研究显示，未来全球的塑料排放量可能达到 5300 万吨，这是联合国标准(800 万吨)的 6.6 倍。

一份最新的统计数据显示：目前全球每年仅一次性塑料制品就达1.2亿吨，其中只有10%被回收利用，另外约12%被焚烧，超过70%被丢弃到土壤、空气和海洋中。中国土壤中仅每年残留的农膜就高达35万吨，残膜率42%。

随着经济的发展，环境治理已经上升至国家发展的顶层，作为环境污染重要源头的废塑料行业，已经到了不转型不行的地步。

更加令人担忧的是，在新冠疫情影响下，塑料污染的治理变得难上加难。根据中国疫情期间的数据，今年2月我国每天生产的一次性口罩就达到了 1.16 亿个，这是疫情前医疗口罩产量的 12 倍。医疗塑料垃圾的产出也随之上升——在今年的疫情峰值期间，武汉的医疗系统每天都能产出240 多吨的一次性塑料医疗垃圾。

根据商业分析 站 BusinessWire 的 告，疫情期间全球塑料包装市场规模估值从 2019 年的 9092 亿美元增长到 2021 年的 10126 亿美元。

为了尽快处理数量过多的塑料医疗垃圾，疫情期间出现了一些废塑料处理的不当方式，如移动式焚烧、直接填埋或就地焚烧等。然而，根据世界自然基金会 2020 年的 告，即便只有 1% 的口罩经过不当处理，都可能产生质量高达 30 ~ 40 吨的塑料垃圾。

随着环境污染的日益严重，年底全面禁用塑料吸管的规定，是我国对塑料污染打出的又一计重拳。其中，对于外卖领域的“减塑”，也有明确指标要求：到2025年，地级以上城市餐饮外卖领域不可降解一次性塑料餐具消耗强度下降30%。

据华安证券统计，截至2020年7月，已有36家公司在建或拟建可降解塑料项目，新增产能合计440.5万吨。

According to the United Nations, the amount of plastic emissions from the United Nations may reach 6.8 million tons in the future.

According to the latest statistics, only 10% of disposable plastic products are recycled, about 12% are burned, and more than 70% are discarded in soil, air and sea. In China, the amount of plastic film left in soil is as high as 350000 tons per year, with a residual film rate of 42%.

With the development of economy, environmental governance has risen to the top level of national development. As an important source of environmental pollution, the waste plastics industry has reached a point where it can not be transformed.

What’s more worrisome is that under the influence of Xinguan epidemic, it is more difficult to control plastic pollution. According to the data during the outbreak of the epidemic in China, the number of disposable masks produced per day in February this year reached 116 million, which is 12 times the production of medical masks before the epidemic. The output of medical plastic waste is also on the rise – during the peak of this year’s epidemic, Wuhan’s medical system can produce more than 240 tons of disposable plastic medical waste every day.

According to the business analysis website businesswire, the estimated global plastic packaging market during the outbreak increased from $909.2 billion in 2019 to $1012.6 billion in 2021.

In order to deal with the excessive amount of plastic medical waste as soon as possible, some improper methods of waste plastic treatment appeared during the epidemic period, such as mobile incineration, direct landfill or on-site incineration. However, according to a report by WWF in 2020, even if only 1% of masks are improperly treated, plastic waste of up to 30-40 tons can be generated.

With the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the ban on plastic straw at the end of the year is another heavy blow to plastic pollution in China. Among them, there are also clear indicators for the “plastic reduction” in the field of takeout: by 2025, the consumption intensity of non degradable disposable plastic tableware in the catering delivery field of cities above prefecture level will be reduced by 30%.

“Under the national policy, non degradable and green environmental protection has become an important direction for the development of the plastic industry.” Chongqing Plastic Industry Association Secretary General Liu Hanlong thinks.

According to the statistics of Hua’an securities, as of July 2020, 36 companies have been building or planning degradable plastic projects, with a total new capacity of 4.405 million tons.

转型面临挑战

可降解塑料材料在原材料企业受到追捧，但是在中下游企业却面临困难。

“聚乳酸太贵了，成本是我们现在生产的3倍。”大连市鲅鱼圈区专门生产环保塑料垃圾袋的张佳坦言，对于她们这样的小型民营企业来说，可降解材料的成本是最难解决的事情。

张佳所经营的塑料生产厂开办于2018年，目前像她这样的民营塑料企业正在不断增长。企查查数据显示，目前我国与塑料制品相关的在业、存续企业一共有283万家。其中2019年注册量最多，达56.6万家，同比增长25.5%。

除了市场本身竞争激烈，加工企业转型面临成本困境外，市场的接受度也将成为新的考验。“可降解原材料成本增加，塑料袋的价格也会涨到2～3倍，我们如果卖这个，也不一定有人买啊。”张佳说。

为此，生产企业也纷纷探寻各自产品的差异化之路，譬如：用于新能源汽车的车用改性材料的开发；用于3D打印的轻质高强材料的开发；用于包装的高阻燃可回收的膜级材料的开发等。

Degradable plastic materials are sought after in raw material enterprises, but they are faced with difficulties in the middle and lower reaches.

“Polylactic acid is too expensive. It costs three times as much as we do now.” Zhang Jia, who specializes in the production of environmentally friendly plastic garbage bags in Bayuquan District of Dalian, admits that the cost of degradable materials is the most difficult thing for small private enterprises like them.

Zhang Jia’s plastic factory was opened in 2018, and private plastic enterprises like her are growing. According to the enterprise survey data, there are 2.83 million enterprises related to plastic products in China. Among them, the number of registered enterprises in 2019 is the largest, reaching 566000, with a year-on-year increase of 25.5%.

Although the number of enterprises is large, but there is a problem of low concentration, especially in the plastic industry daily necessities scattered a large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises, they are facing multiple difficulties on the road of degradable transformation. At present, the differentiation of plastic products is serious and the market competition is fierce. Zhang Jia told reporters that the profit margins of their plastic factories are basically below 10%, and even 5% in the off-season. “My machine is 300000 yuan. It will take me a long time to earn back the cost of the machine.” Zhang Jia said.

In addition to the fierce competition in the market itself, the transformation of processing enterprises is facing cost difficulties abroad, and the market acceptance will also become a new test. “As the cost of degradable raw materials increases, the price of plastic bags will rise to 2-3 times. If we sell this, no one will buy them.” Zhang Jia said.

For this reason, manufacturers have also explored the road of product differentiation, such as: the development of vehicle modified materials for new energy vehicles;”>

新技术应用受重视

“塑料制品行业走过了‘有没有’‘好不好’的阶段，现在正在向‘强不强’的阶段发展。”中国塑料产业大会中国轻工业联合会执行秘书长郭永新如是说。

郭永新表示，可降解材料的推广一定给原料体系、价格体系、产品体系带来影响。目前，中国塑料产业实现高质量发展的路依旧是依靠自主创新、智能制造、国际化布局、品牌运营四个方向。

长期以来，低残值废塑料的再生环保处理一直是全行业的痛点和缺失点，随着废塑料热解油化技术的持续研发和技术突破，找到了一条新的处理途径。今年，包括中石化、SABIC等国内外石化巨头对该项技术的关注度空前提高，国内外一些环保科技企业也取得了实质性的技术突破，废塑料热解油化的大型清洁生产装备即将实现工业化生产，正迎来爆发期。

“循环经济是我们塑料行业未来的发展方向。不仅仅是塑料产业本身，法律对塑料生产相关标准与运行机制、政府对塑料回收利用的相关措施、企业的创新能力、社会对可降解塑料的接受度，都将成为塑料产业新的挑战。”

“The plastic products industry has gone through the stage of” whether it is good or not “and is now developing to a stage of” strong or not. ” Guo Yongxin, Executive Secretary General of China Light Industry Federation, said at the China Plastics Industry Conference.

Guo Yongxin said that the promotion of degradable materials will certainly affect the raw material system, price system and product system. At present, China’s plastics industry to achieve high-quality development is still relying on four directions: independent innovation, intelligent manufacturing, international layout and brand operation.

For a long time, the recycling and environmental protection treatment of low residual value waste plastics has been the pain point and lack point of the whole industry. With the continuous research and development and technical breakthrough of waste plastics pyrolysis oil technology, a new treatment way has been found. This year, petrochemical giants at home and abroad, including Sinopec and SABIC, have paid unprecedented attention to this technology. Some environmental protection technology enterprises at home and abroad have also made substantial technological breakthroughs. Large scale clean production equipment for pyrolysis and oilization of waste plastics is about to realize industrial production, and is facing an outbreak period.

“Circular economy is the future development direction of our plastic industry. Not only the plastics industry itself, but also the relevant standards and operation mechanism of plastics production by law, the relevant measures of the government for plastic recycling, the innovation ability of enterprises and the social acceptance of degradable plastics will become new challenges for the plastic industry